You can learn a lot about Linux by just trying different distros, but using Proxmox will force you to learn a lot of in-depth ...
One of the good things about Linux is that it supports so much old hardware. With just a bit of work, there's almost no computing hardware that can't run Linux. That's the good news. The bad news is ...
We used to need SBCs for these projects; modern microcontrollers handle them more easily and inexpensively while being easier to maintain.