Abstract: The Nelder-Mead simplex method is a well-known algorithm enabling the minimization of functions that are not available in closed-form and that need not be differentiable or convex.

Abstract: Deep neural networks yield desirable performance in text, image, and speech classification. However, these networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples. An adversarial example is a sample ...

A new study by Shanghai Jiao Tong University and SII Generative AI Research Lab (GAIR) shows that training large language models (LLMs) for complex, autonomous tasks does not require massive datasets.

If you enjoyed this article, I’d like to ask for your support. Scientific American has served as an advocate for science and industry for 180 years, and right now may be the most critical moment in ...

DCF model estimates stock value by discounting expected future cash flows to present value. Using multiple valuation methods with DCF can enhance accuracy in stock evaluations. DCF's effectiveness is ...

ABSTRACT: With the rapid development of global economic integration and digital technology, the transportation system, as a core component of the supply chain, has become a key factor influencing the ...

At the core of President Donald Trump’s decision to impose sweeping tariffs on U.S. trading partners is a fixation on closing, if not reversing, America’s trade deficit with nearly all of them. But ...

The acquisition method records company buyouts, merging assets and liabilities. It includes all costs incurred, integrating them into financial statements. Investors analyze these reports to assess ...

During the Civil War, both sides used firing squads to kill deserting soldiers. Today, people on death row can choose to die that way in some states. By Jacey Fortin On Friday, for the second time in ...